KPV

Overview

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a tripeptide corresponding to C-terminal amino acids 11-13 of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Research has established that this C-terminal tripeptide retains significant anti-inflammatory activity independent of the melanocortin receptors through which full-length α-MSH acts, suggesting alternative cellular uptake and signaling mechanisms including transport via the intestinal PepT1 transporter.

KPV has been studied extensively in models of intestinal inflammation, including experimental colitis, where it demonstrates the ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production, modulate NF-κB activation, and protect intestinal epithelial integrity. Its small size makes it resistant to many digestive enzymes, and certain formulations have shown bioavailability via oral routes in research models — a property not shared by most larger peptides.

Mechanism of Action

• Internalization into intestinal epithelial and immune cells via PepT1 (peptide transporter 1)
• Inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation in macrophages and epithelial cells, reducing IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α transcription
• Reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mucosal immune cells
• Modulation of dendritic cell and macrophage polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes
• Protective effects on tight junction proteins (claudin, occludin) under inflammatory challenge

Specifications

Reconstitution

Quality & Testing

Every batch undergoes third-party HPLC testing to verify ≥98% purity. COA included.